由于加工误差和装配误差的存在，摄像机光学系统与理想的小孔透视模型有一定的差别，致使物体点在摄像机图像平面上实际所成的像与理想成像之间存在不同程度的非线性光学畸变。为了提高图像检测、模式匹配等定量分析的准确性，必须对这一类畸变进行修正。近年来，国内外学者就此问题进行了大量的研究，为了使人们概略地了解该领域的研究现状，为此首先介绍了摄像机成像模型与镜头非线性畸变模型，并回顾总结了摄像机镜头非线性畸变校正方法，然后进一步提出从原理上将这些方法分为基于控制对象的方法和基于模式的方法两大类，最后分析比较了各种方法的优缺点。

Because of having processing error and assembling error the difference exists in the model of the camera optical system and pinhole model, which results to nonlinear distortion between real image and ideal image to some extent. To improve the accuracy of such quantitative analysis as image measuring and pattern matching, it must be corrected. Recently, many scholars have a lot of research on this problem. To open the present state of this field before everyone, the models about camera imaging and lens nonlinear distortion are introduced, and the correction methods of nonlinear distortion of camera lens are viewed, which are divided into the method based on controlling object and the method based on pattern. Finally, the application problems are analyzed and compared.